Almost all scholarly articles have a DOI. Some articles also list the citation information on the article itself.įor scholarly articles, it is preferred that you use a DOI whenever possible. Where to Find Citation Informationįor articles, the citation information is usually found on the details page for the article in the database where you found the article. Spell out the whole month (don't use an abbreviation). There is no space between them.įor newspaper articles or any type of publication that is published very frequently, use the month and the day in addition to the year. The volume number is italicized and the issue number with parentheses is not. Use the examples below to guide you in your use of punctuation in your citations.Īfter the title of the journal, use a comma followed by the volume number and the issue number. The end of the citation should also have a period, unless the citation ends with a URL or a DOI. PunctuationĮach major portion of the citation should end with a period. If so, use the first location listed or the main location. Sometimes multiple locations are listed on a book. Locations should always be listed with the state abbreviation if in the United States. The first word of the subtitle is capitalized. Subtitles occur after colons or dashes use whichever one the source uses. Titles of journals (or periodicals) are italicized and in title case. Titles of articles are not italicized and in sentence case. Titles of books are italicized and in sentence case. There is more information about citing authors on the Purdue OWL APA Guide. The last two authors have an ampersand (&) between them. Multiple authors are listed with commas in between them, even if there are only two. If the name of an author, editor, or creator is listed in the middle of the citation (such as with the "Book with An Editor and an Author" example), then the first and middle initial are first, followed by the last name. The first and middle initial should each have a period, and there should be a space between them. If no middle initial is provided, then leave it out. Authors, editors, and creators are listed at the beginning of the citation with the last name first, followed by the first initial and the middle initial.
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